Skrining dan Edukasi Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Hipertensi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57152/batik.v2i3.1718Kata Kunci:
Edukasi, Hipertensi, Kesehatan, Pencegahan, SkriningAbstrak
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi tantangan secara global, berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat penyakit kardiovaskular, termasuk penyakit jantung dan stroke. Dikenal sebagai "silent killer," hipertensi sering kali tidak menimbulkan gejala yang signifikan, sehingga deteksi dini dan penanganan yang tepat menjadi krusial. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan skrining hipertensi serta memberikan edukasi guna meningkatkan kesadaran dan mendorong upaya pencegahan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di sebuah posyandu dengan melibatkan 62 peserta yang berusia antara 34 hingga 81 tahun. Aktivitas meliputi skrining kesehatan berupa pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan kadar glukosa darah, serta edukasi mengenai faktor risiko hipertensi, langkah-langkah pencegahan, dan pentingnya kepatuhan terhadap terapi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 14.5% peserta memiliki tekanan darah normal, sementara 63% masuk kategori prahipertensi, 17.7% mengalami hipertensi tahap 1, dan 4.8% mengalami hipertensi tahap 2. Sesi edukasi memberikan penekanan pada perubahan gaya hidup dan pemantauan kesehatan secara berkala untuk mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut. Program ini menegaskan pentingnya pelaksanaan pendidikan dan promosi kesehatan yang berkesinambungan di masyarakat guna mengendalikan hipertensi dan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat secara umum.
Referensi
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, "Hypertension, The Silent Killer," Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, 2019.
Perhi, "Konsensus Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi," Perhimpunan Dokter Hipertensi Indonesia, Jakarta, 2019.
F. C. Luft, "Twins in Cardiovascular Genetic Research," Hypertension, vol. 37, pp. 350–356, 2001.
K. T. Mills, J. D. Bundy, T. N. Kelly, J. E. Reed, P. M. Kearney, K. Reynolds, J. Chen, and J. He, "Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries," Circulation, vol. 134, pp. 441–450, 2016. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912.
R. Y. Aspiani, Buku Ajar Asuhan Keperawatan Klien Gangguan Kardiovaskular Aplikasi NIC & NOC, Jakarta: EGC, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/kesmas/article/download/8246/4396.
P. K. Whelton et al., "2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines," Circulation, vol. 138, no. 17, pp. e484–e594, Oct. 2018.
DepKes RI, "Hipertensi Membunuh Diam-Diam, Ketahui Tekanan Darah Anda," Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, May 22, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/18051600004/hipertensi-membunuh-diam-diam-ketahui-tekanan-darah-anda.html.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta, 2018.
JNC-8. 2014. The Eight Report of the Joint National Commite. Hypertension Guidelines: An In-Depth Guide. Am J Manag Care.
K. J. Greenland, J. B. Croft, and G. A. Mensah, "Prevalence of heart disease and stroke risk factors in persons with prehypertension in the United States, 1999–2000," Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 164, no. 19, pp. 2113–2118, 2004.
M. Tozawa, S. Oshiro, C. Iseki, et al., "Family history of hypertension and blood pressure in a screened cohort," Hypertens. Res., vol. 24, pp. 93–98, 2001.
J. N. Singh, T. Nguyen, C. C. Kerndt, and A. S. Dhamoon, "Physiology, blood pressure age related changes," 2019.
P2PTM Kemenkes RI, "Faktor risiko penyebab Hipertensi," Kemenkes, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-dan-pembuluh-darah/faktor-risiko-hipertensi.
R. Prabhushankar, C. Krueger, and C. Manrique, "Membrane estrogen receptors: their role in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular disease," Curr. Hypertens. Rep., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 408, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s11906-013-0408-6.
N. K. Wenger et al., "Hypertension across a woman's life cycle," J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., vol. 71, no. 16, pp. 1797–1813, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.033.
A. Grillo, L. Salvi, P. Coruzzi, P. Salvi, and G. Parati, "Sodium intake and hypertension," Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 1970, 2019. doi: 10.3390/nu11091970.
K. W. Loh, F. Rani, T. C. Chan, H. Y. Loh, C. W. Ng, and F. M. Moy, "The association between risk factors and hypertension in Perak, Malaysia," The Medical Journal of Malaysia, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 291–296, 2013.
M. A. Murtaugh, J. M. Beasley, L. J. Appel, et al., "Relationship of sodium intake and blood pressure varies with energy intake: secondary analysis of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)?sodium trial," Hypertension, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 858–865, 2018. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10602.
S. Singh, R. Shankar, and G. P. Singh, "Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension: A cross-sectional study in Urban Varanasi," Int. J. Hypertens., vol. 2017, p. 5491838, 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/5491838.
R. A. Harahap, R. K. Rochadi, and S. Sarumpae, "Pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada laki-laki dewasa awal (18-40 tahun) di wilayah Puskesmas Bromo Medan tahun 2017," J. Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 68–73, 2017.
N. G. Dien, N. Mulyadi, and R. Kundre, "Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Hipertensi dan Nefrologi BLU RSUP Prof. DR. RD Kandou Manado," J. Keperawatan, vol. 2, no. 2, 2014.
L. Ermina, "Hubungan antara lingkar pinggang dan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul dengan tekanan darah pada anggota TNI Kodim 0735 Surakarta tahun 2017," Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2018.
E. Erizon and Y. Karani, "HDL dan aterosklerosis," Human Care Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1123–1131, 2020.
E. Yuliantini, A. P. Sari, and E. Nur, "Hubungan asupan energi, lemak dan serat dengan rasio kadar kolesterol total-HDL," Penelitian Gizi Dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 139–147, 2015.
M. Maulida, D. M. Diana Mayasari, and F. Rahmayani, "Pengaruh rasio kolesterol total terhadap high density lipoprotein (HDL) pada kejadian stroke iskemik," Majority, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 214–218, 2018.
H. J. Challa, M. A. Ameer, and K. R. Uppaluri, "DASH diet to stop hypertension," StatPearls (Internet), Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2023.
C. Ozemek, S. Tiwari, A. Sabbahi, S. Carbone, and C. J. Lavie, "Impact of therapeutic lifestyle changes in resistant hypertension," Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., vol. 63, pp. 4–9, 2020.
A. F. Rahmatika, "Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi," Jurnal Medika Hutama, vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 706–710, Jan. 2021.
A. Hidayati, N. H. Purwanto, and E. Siswantoro, "Hubungan stres dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi," Jurnal Keperawatan, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 37–44, 2022.
A. Briasoulis, V. Agarwal, and F. H. Messerli, "Alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension in men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis," J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich), vol. 14, pp. 792–798, 2012.
M. Munakata, "Clinical significance of stress-related increase in blood pressure: current evidence in office and out-of-office settings," Hypertens. Res., vol. 41, pp. 553–569, 2018.
M. Y. Liu, N. Li, W. A. Li, and H. Khan, "Association between psychosocial stress and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis," Neurol. Res., vol. 39, pp. 573–580, 2017.
S. H. Park and K. S. Han, "Blood pressure response to meditation and yoga: a systematic review and meta-analysis," J. Altern. Complement Med., vol. 23, pp. 685–695, 2017.
P. Lusardi, A. Zoppi, P. Preti, R. M. Pesce, E. Piazza, and R. Fogari, "Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a 24-h study," Am. J. Hypertens., vol. 12, no. 1 Pt 1, pp. 63–68, Jan. 1999. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00200-3. PMID: 10075386.
V. Fuster et al., "Atherothrombosis and coronary artery disease: A global perspective," Eur. Heart J., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 316–331, 2011.
N. H. Purwanto and N. Chasanah, "Transfer iptek tentang tatalaksana hipertensi kepada pasien hipertensi guna peningkatan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan minum obat," Masyarakat Mandiri dan Berdaya, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2022.
L. A. Chrismilasari, E. E. Unja, C. Chrisnawati, and A. Rachman, "The influence of family support in the management of hypertension patients," Jurnal EduHealth, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 652–661, 2022.
