Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy (IJEERE)

Design of Self Powered System Prototype Based on Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

2025-08-01T06:50:50+00:00

Electronic devices are generally powered by a power source such as an AC socket or a DC power source such as a battery. Batteries have a limited lifespan, so it is necessary to recharge the battery if the battery is rechargeable. In this paper we present a design for an independent power system where the power does not come from an AC voltage socket, but the power is obtained from the results of radio frequency energy harvesting. The selected frequency is the frequency for cellular that emitted from the Cell Phone Operator's Base Transfer System. The Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting system catch RF signal use monopole antenna receiver, then the RF signal converted into DC voltage (RF to DC converter) by a series of charge pump that also serves as amplifier which designed to 5-stage villiard multiplier. This system integrated by boost regulator to raise the level of voltage and regulate constant voltage. The voltage result from system is 300 mV at 100 m from BTS and 3,9 V at 30 cm from mobile phone. Another test with a LED indicator and suplying a power for charging process to battery AAA rechargeable Ni-MH.

Keyword -cellular, energy harvesting, independent power system, monopole antenna, radio frequency

Analysis of The Energy Efficiency of Pantai Panjang Sea Waves in Bengkulu as A Potential Wave Power Plant (WPP)

2025-12-06T08:23:05+00:00

Pantai Panjang di Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan salah satu wilayah pesisir yang dipengaruhi langsung oleh dinamika Samudra Hindia dan memiliki potensi energi gelombang yang cukup besar. Namun, pemanfaatan potensinya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan, khususnya untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gelombang (PLTG), masih belum dikaji secara mendalam, terutama dari aspek efisiensi energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan efisiensi energi gelombang laut di Pantai Panjang sebagai dasar kelayakan awal pembangunan PLTG. Pengukuran parameter gelombang dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Tracker melalui metode video-tracking, sehingga diperoleh nilai amplitudo, periode, serta parameter gelombang lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelombang di Pantai Panjang memiliki tinggi 1,298 m, periode 1,154 s, dan kecepatan rambat 18,13 m/s. Energi gelombang yang dihitung mencapai 697,984 J dan daya gelombang sebesar 6373,179 W. Setelah mempertimbangkan faktor efektivitas transmisi, energi efektif yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah 279,335 J dengan efisiensi konversi sebesar 40%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Pantai Panjang memiliki potensi energi gelombang yang cukup baik dan layak dipertimbangkan sebagai lokasi pengembangan PLTG berbasis teknologi Oscillating Water Column (OWC).

Indonesia Utilization of inorganic waste as a renewable alternative for steam power generation in North Bengkulu Regency

2025-12-07T01:15:30+00:00

The increase of inorganic waste in Bengkulu Province has led to environmental pollution and landfill accumulation. To address this issue, this study analyzes the potential of utilizing inorganic waste as a renewable energy source through a Steam Power Plant (PLTU) system. The method includes observation and quantitative analysis of waste volume and its energy potential. Results indicate that the combined average waste from Bengkulu Province and North Bengkulu reaches 10,266.5 tons/day. Energy calculations show that waste combustion can generate 131.7 MWh of electricity per year and a daily power output of 15.03 MW. These findings demonstrate that inorganic waste has significant potential as an alternative fuel for steam power plants and can help reduce waste volume while supplying renewable electricity for the Bengkulu region.

Power Transformer Condition Assessment at Tenayan Raya Power Plant Using Sweep Frequency Response Analysis

2025-11-29T01:55:08+00:00

Transformers are one of the most important equipment in electrical power systems. Transformer failure at power plants can interrupt the continuity of electricity supply. Therefore, monitoring the condition and early detection of transformer damage is important to ensure that transformers can work properly until their maximum service life. One type of damage that can occur is a change in the mechanical structure of the transformer's internal components. This damage can be detected using the Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) method, which is a non-invasive testing technique that analyzes changes in frequency response due to internal mechanical disturbances. This study conducted an SFRA analysis on power transformers at the Tenayan Raya Power Plant by comparing the conditions before and after repairs. Comparisons across three test periods showed that the most notable variations occurred between 2020 and 2022, mainly at high frequencies, indicating winding deformation due to operational stress. In contrast, the pre- and post-maintenance comparison revealed stable responses, confirming that maintenance activities did not cause significant deformation.

Design of a 5G Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Network at 3.5 GHz Frequency in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Kambang Iwak Park, Palembang

2025-12-08T08:18:36+00:00

The provision of fiber optic infrastructure in dense urban areas like Taman Kambang Iwak, Palembang, often faces constraints related to excavation permits and potential damage to city aesthetics. 5G-based Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) technology serves as a strategic alternative solution to deliver high-speed broadband access without requiring physical cable installation to the user's premises. This study aims to design a 5G FWA network utilizing the 3500 MHz frequency (Band n78) with a 100 MHz bandwidth. The design was conducted through simulation using RadioPlanner 3.0 software with the Okumura-Hatta propagation model tailored for urban environmental characteristics. Analyzed parameters included signal coverage based on Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) and data capacity (throughput). Simulation results indicate that the design scenario using three sectoral antennas is capable of providing "Good" category signal coverage in the target area. In terms of data performance, the system achieves a maximum downlink throughput of up to 750 Mbps and uplink ranging from 500 Mbps to 750 Mbps. (Discussion) Based on these results, the implementation of 5G FWA at the 3.5 GHz frequency is proven feasible and meets the standards for high-speed data service requirements in the Taman Kambang Iwak area..

Grid Stability and Power Quality Analysis of 65 MW Solar Photovoltaic Integration into the 132 kV Transmission Network in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2025-11-22T14:01:16+00:00

The global energy demand continues to rise steadily, prompting the need for clean, sufficient, and sustainable energy sources. This has led to a gradual shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, although progress has been relatively slow. However, this research highlights the global shift towards renewable energy sources, driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and foster sustainable energy practices. Problem, Nigeria faces frequent electricity shortages and grid instability, contributing to transmission and distribution losses of about 28%, despite the advancements, integrating substantial renewable energy sources into existing power grids presents challenges. To address these issues, wide-ranging analysis of solar irradiance data, grid stability, and power quality were conducted. The aim of this research is to analyse and simulate the strategy for integrating solar energy into Port Harcourt 132kV Mains Transmission Network. Grid stability analysis demonstrates robust performance, effective voltage regulation, and low harmonic distortion, ensuring minimal interference and efficient power supply. The method used in this research is called “Power flow simulation analysis method” This method involved evaluating solar energy potential using irradiance data, analysing grid stability through voltage and frequency regulation, risk management and environmental compliance were also examined to ensure project feasibility and sustainability. Results were obtained and specific findings reveal significant seasonal variations in solar irradiance, with optimal conditions during the dry season. Power quality remains stable, and essential for the reliable operation of sensitive equipment. The system operates at a high efficiency of 98% at a 100 MW load, underscoring the effectiveness of the integration strategy. The successful integration of a 65 MW solar energy system into the 132kV transmission line in Port Harcourt, aiming to enhance the region's renewable energy capacity and improve grid stability. It is therefore concluded that this study provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for optimising renewable energy integration, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions and grid modernisation.

Comparative Analysis of Corona Discharge Characteristics in High Voltage AC and DC Transmission Lines

2025-11-22T14:14:30+00:00

The increasing demand for reliable long-distance electricity transmission has elevated the importance of understanding corona discharge phenomena in high-voltage AC (HVAC) and DC (HVDC) transmission lines. Corona discharge, caused by local electric fields exceeding air breakdown strength, contributes to power losses, audible noise, and electromagnetic interference, which collectively reduce system efficiency and operational reliability. This study investigates the behavior of corona under varying environmental and conductor conditions, focusing on pressure, humidity, and surface roughness, which are known to influence onset voltage, power loss, and noise emissions. A combination of empirical modeling and regression-based analysis was employed, incorporating effective breakdown field estimations, geometric voltage scaling, AC/DC mode corrections, and power-law relationships for corona current and power loss. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the breakdown field is maximized at 3.0 MV/m under high pressure (105 kPa) and low humidity (10%), while decreasing to 1.9 MV/m at 80 kPa and 95% humidity. Corona onset voltage decreases with surface roughness, with AC voltage dropping from 72.0 kV to 56.4 kV and DC voltage from 78.0 kV to 61.2 kV over roughness ranges of 0.5–50 ?m. Power losses scale with excess voltage, with AC losses following and DC losses . Audible noise increases from 24 dB(A) to 71 dB(A) as power loss rises, with surface roughness and humidity amplifying the effect. Sensitivity analysis identifies surface roughness and humidity as dominant factors, while AC lines exhibit 14% higher power losses and 13% higher noise levels than DC lines. The findings provide quantitative insights for transmission line design and operational policies, emphasizing the need for surface maintenance and humidity mitigation strategies to enhance efficiency, reduce energy losses, and comply with environmental noise standards.

The Study of the Potential of Evaporative Coolers for Fish Storage in Traditional Markets

2025-12-15T04:37:07+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi penggunaan pendinginan evaporatif sebagai metode penyimpanan ikan alternatif bagi pedagang di Pasar Panorama, Kota Bengkulu. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada permasalahan penyimpanan ikan di pasar tradisional yang mengandalkan es batu, sementara kondisi lingkungan yang panas dan lembap mempercepat pencairan es dan menurunkan kualitas ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan langsung dan studi literatur terkait konsep termodinamika dan penerapan pendinginan evaporatif pada bahan pangan. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa es batu mencair dengan cepat akibat suhu pasar yang tinggi dan sirkulasi udara yang minim. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa pendinginan evaporatif dapat menurunkan suhu lingkungan melalui proses penguapan air dan menciptakan kondisi penyimpanan yang lebih dingin dan stabil. Meskipun tidak dapat mencapai suhu dingin yang ideal untuk ikan, pendinginan evaporatif berpotensi sebagai sistem yang memperlambat pencairan es, menghambat kenaikan suhu, dan membantu menjaga kesegaran ikan lebih lama. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendinginan evaporatif layak dipertimbangkan sebagai teknologi tepat guna yang mendukung penyimpanan ikan di pasar tradisional, mengurangi penggunaan es batu, dan mengurangi biaya operasional pedagang.

Analysis of the Electrical Energy Potential and Economic Feasibility of Biogas from Coconut Residue in Riau Province

2025-12-23T13:28:43+00:00

BPS data from 2021 states that coconut production in Indonesia is the largest in the world, with a total production of 988.3 thousand tonnes of coconuts. The largest coconut production comes from Riau Province, with a production of 1,100 tonnes. Generally, coconuts are used to make coconut milk, leaving behind coconut pulp as waste. This waste is considered garbage because it no longer has any beneficial value, so it is disposed of directly. This disposal has an impact on the environment because biomass waste that is disposed of directly will cause a foul odour and methane gas emissions that are 20 times more harmful than CO2 emissions, even though coconut husk waste contains nutrients that can be processed into a new energy source in the form of biogas. This research aims to analyse the biogas potential that can be generated from coconut husk waste, including the potential for electricity generation and its economic analysis. This research uses the anaerobic respiration method to produce biogas in an anaerobic digestion reactor simulated using the SuperPro Designer application. From the research conducted, it was found that the potential biogas that can be produced from coconut husk waste in a year in Riau Province is 15,321,231.9 m3, which is obtained from 134 tonnes of coconut husk waste in Riau Province in 2021. In addition, the biogas produced is capable of generating 141,703,473 kWh of electricity per year, with a potential revenue of Rp. 212,555,209,500 and an annual profit of Rp. 163,532,903,700. With a B/C ratio of 1.26 and a payback period of 9.6 months, it can be said that this investment is profitable and feasible to be realised.

Keyword: Biogas, Coconut Waste, Electricity, Economics.

Valuation and Action Recommendations on the Control Panel of PT Bukaka Teknik Utama Duri's Pumping Unit Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

2025-12-20T00:44:12+00:00

PT Bukaka Teknik Utama Site Duri is a company engaged in the oil and gas equipment sector and collaborates with PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia in managing sucker rod pump type pumping units for crude oil extraction processes. The pumping units are powered by 75 HP electric motors that are controlled and monitored through a control panel. The control panel plays an important role in maintaining operational reliability and safety as it is equipped with various protection components, such as overload, over voltage, over current, and thermal protection. However, based on operational data, there are still control panel malfunctions that cause pump operations to stop and daily oil production targets to not be achieved, as well as increasing the risk of damage to the drive motor. This study aims to conduct a risk assessment and provide recommendations for improvements to the pumping unit control panel using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. The FMEA analysis results show that the contactor and overvoltage components have the highest risk levels, while the fuse and MCB have the lowest risk levels. The recommended actions include replacing components with higher specifications and implementing preventive measures such as repairing the grounding system and adding protection against moisture and dust. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to reduce the failure rate and improve the reliability of the control panel in the next operational period.